WHAT ARE THE 5G SPECTRUM.

 

What is frequency.

 

Frequency – frequency is a number of repetition occur withing a time frame. Hertz is a measurement of frequency. For example 1MHz means  1 million cycle per second  and 1GHz is one billion cycle per second. Cycle mean pulse or wave pattern.

What is spectrum.

 

  Spectrum is range of radio frequency  assigned for mobile and other communication using air wave or wireless transmission. Band is particular range of frequency within spectrum. In general term spectrum is entire scope of the field while band is path / channels available which is used for communication.

3GPP standard define two frequency range FR.

FR1 =450 to 6000MHz

FR2= 24250 to 52600MHz

What are spectrum band.

 

Spectrum band are divided in main three divisions for understanding purpose.

    1)   Up to 6GHz    which is known as sub6 Ghz band.

    2)   6 to 24GHz   for understanding it is mid band.

   3)    24GHz to 80GHz and above known as mm Wave band or millimeter wave band. In mmWave many free radio channel and unused band available.

What are 5G spectrum band.

 

600Mhz, sub6GHz and millimeter wave. MmWave above 24GHz are mainly used spectrum band for 5G new radio technology.  Real 5G technology will work in mmWave band.

5G NR sub6 GHz spectrum band.

 

Sub6 band also divided into three groups for understanding purpose.

  1) Low band up to 1GHz.

  2) 1 to 2.6GHz normal mid band under sub6 GHz.

 3) 3.5GHz to 6GHz new mid band under sub6 GHz spectrum this band also widely used in 5G.

Most of the 5G carrier use this low band and mid band for nation wide coverage. This band allows more coverage capacity. As signal frequency is low and so signal can travel long distance. So that we can stay in network all the time.

           Our radio channel are mostly work in frequency range up to 200MHz. telecommunication band starts from 600 onward precisely 800MHZ. 2.4GHz band is used by mobile communication along with  Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cordless phone and many other electronic gadgets use this band so signal interference is more in 2.4GHz band and very less free channels are available. But above 2.4GHz to 5GHz there are more than 20 free channels are available which are used by 5G NR. But now WiFi 802.11a use 5GHz while 802.11ac use below 6GHz and 802.11ad use upto 60GHz. So 2.4GHz spectrum may fine less interference in future.

5G new radio millimeter wave spectrum band.

 

Spectrum above 24GHz frequency band are mmWave band. Which is core of 5G mobile communication. It provides very low latency, very high speed and wider capacity for various 5G services.

How spectrum allocation is done.

 

            International telecommunication authority and regulatory body decide which spectrum will be used for particular communication.  Also develop standard for mobile communication. Then countrywide ministry and administrative body mainly formed for electronics telecommunication or broadcasting purpose will announce auction for spectrum band.  Government will generate revenue from action and also use it for better urban and rural communication. Before auction government provide temporary use of spectrum for trial and testing purpose.

Worldwide 5G spectrum test and performance.

 

Maximum 5G test are carried out in sub6 GHz band and mmWave band. Among them 3.5 GHz, 4.5 GHz and 28 GHz are mostly used for trial purpose. As of now 80% 5G test are carried out on 1 to 6 GHz and 24 to 29.5GHz spectrum band. Most of the test got above 1Gbps speed and maximum speed achieved is 99Gbps. This is on trail platform only. In most of the test latency is below 10ms.

What is 5g Technology important component of 5g network

What is fifth generation technology important component of 5g next generation mobile communication network.

      

           5G network is under research and developing mode. Or we can say research is almost over and development and implementation is just started or about to start at some countries.

 

What is 5G network?

5G stand for fifth generation wireless technology for mobile. But it can use which other gadgets and other services.

5G IMT 2020 -International Mobile Telecommunication and 20 means need of 20Gbits speed.

4G LTE / WI Max -Long Term Evolution standard for 4G mobile technology which is 10 time faster compare to 3G.

3G – UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunication Services standard for 3G.

2G  - GSM Global System for Mobile communication

1G to 5G.

                At the time of 1^st generation we use analog technology for communication like pager. In 2G we started SMS and messaging services. In 3G we started mobile browsing photo sharing and in 4G live video sharing. In 5G we have immense scope.

Who support in development of 5G network infra structure?

 

                There are many organizations working on 5g network. All big names of smartphone and electronics field are contributing to develop and implementation of 5g.  Qualcomm, Intel,  Huawei, Samsung , Nokia, Cisco,  ZTE and along with this there are Verizon, T-mobile, At&t, Vodafone, Telstra, China telecom, south Korean telecom, sprint, NTT docomo, bell, Vodafone, telus and Japan telecom. USA, Japan, some part of Europe, South Korea, China are keen to roll out 5G network as early as possible as it can gain economical growth of country. Though other Asian and gulf countries are also planning for this. Europe also working fast on 5G development.

Spectrum frequency used by 5G network.

           5G work on super high frequency. It works on millimeter wave band range from 24 to 86 GHz. And it also support present 4g LTE band 600Mhz to 6Ghz. Higher frequency  higher pulse more faster data transfer and lower latency is the base of 5G network. For example when you write website address to your browser and clicks enter. You will see at lower left side that waiting for response, data transfer and reading. This is the response time to your command it is 20 milliseconds or less depend on your network and it is called latency. But in 5g network it is 1millisecond or less. So you just click and site loaded.

Core concept and heart of 5g technology.

              Open Network Foundation has developed and standardize 1) SDN -Software Defined Networking. 
It uses open flow protocol so you don’t need to manage all devices and vendor specific code or protocol. So network management and control become easy and more speedy. It supports very high bandwidth. And transmitted data package has less latency as network design instruction is developed by SDN itself. Sdn is future architecture of networking and it simplifies cloud computing, network transmission and bandwidth management.

2) NFV Network Function virtualization.

– SDN and NFV combined together makes service provider communication faster make 20Gbit speed realistic.

                   As to improve speed and performance by software is less costly, easy to implement and allow centralize control. While using hardware it will costlier, ask more effort and more difficulty for installation. When you design software, it is one time cost while to make hardware you need to invest for every piece.  For example you have 10 mobile you need 10 screens. But you can install software OS android pie 9 on 10 mobile for free. Software don’t cost for each pieces. Software is digital transfer while hardware is physical transfer.

5G NR.

              5G NR / 5g New Radio is radio air interface developed for 5g mobile communication. It can also use low frequency band like we are using in 3g and 4g. But in lower frequency we would not get 20Gbits speed.

MIMO Multiple input multiple output.

           In 5G it is massive MIMO. MIMO is antenna technology used in wireless communication. MIMO allow multiple antennas within WiFi architecture. Which make many data steam within single channel which increase speed, flexibility and faster data communication. Nokia airscale use 64T64R massive MIMO. This improves network efficiency, uptime, throughput, allow more simultaneous connection at Gbit high speed.

 

Network slicing.

 

                 Slice means cut in small pieces. Network slicing allows many logical networks within physical structure. This increases flexibility, more control and better transfer rate within network. This is very useful in cloud and broadband network.

Small cell.

 are the best for heterogeneous network/ HetNet.  At present we have 5G, 4g LTE and 3g mobile wireless network technology working together. Small cell is a base station node for transmit and receive wireless signal mainly for shorter range. In 5g we are using high frequency band and signal has high pulse rate and to keep strength of signal small cell play big roll. Small cell works on low spectrum as well as millimeter wave spectrum.  Small cell are easy to install, low cost and weight is few kilogram, At dense populated area many small cell can be installed which provide high speed in Gbps, more concurrent connection and strengthen network coverage. Small cell is key component for 5g and IoT. SCF has developed small cell two standard  1) 5G FAPI Femto Application Platform Interface 2) 5G network FAPI.

 

Advantage features of 5g.

 

1) High speed connection upto 20Gbps.

2) Allow more number of device connection simultaneously and provide Gbits speed to all connection.

3) Remotely control devices or automated devices will have more better future after 5g. As response time is reduced to 1milisecond in 5g compare to present network have 20 millisecond response time or latency. This gives new scope for online gaming, client server gaming, smooth high definition video streaming, tele operation surgery, traffic control, robot devices.

4) Less average cost compare to other network presently we have. As it allows multiple logical networks within one physical network.

5) It compatible with 4g network

6) More wider area covered by 5g network compare to 4g.

7) Create more business and more jobs as million people needed for installation roll out of 5g.

8) Consume less battery and reduce network power consumption.

9) Sending high definition VR video in real time.

10) It allow Gbits speed to thousand of thousand connected devices so virtual classes and live HD streaming to million users worldwide possible.

Disadvantage of 5g.

Our present 3g and 4g network hardware are not compatible with 5g. So we need entire new installation for 5g network.  

Scope of 5G Wireless Mobile Network Communications

What are the future scopes of 5G next generation new radio millimeter wave wireless network.

     5G New Radio Millimeter wave mobile wireless network technology is rolling out worldwide. It is on verge of experiencing of next generation Gbps speed mobile network for end user. In this post I will explain scope of 5g upcoming cellular new radio millimeter wave wireless technology. There is immense scope for 5g network technology. Many cities has already build up 5g network and available for commercial use. Samsung LG Huawei Xiaomi has already launched 5g Smartphone. Most of the Google Pixel mobile supports latest technology so definitely very soon Google will announce 5g support mobile.

Scope of 5G Mobile wireless network.

1) Revenue generate – 5g network spectrum band is having more price compare to 4G. This will generate good capital for every nation for development. 5G spectrum band using high frequency band. And it has more free channel compare to 4G and hence more bidder for 5g spectrum compare to other spectrum.

2) eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband – as we all know 3GPP 5G NR standard aims 20 Gbps speed. Many test carrier out and achieved in Gbps speed. It is said that with 5G users can get speed 40 t0 50 times higher than 4G network.

3) Virtual Reality Video – football match is going on at Russia or Germany and you are watching that match at your home USA. And you have feeling like stadium this is called Virtual Reality Video. After 5g network we can enjoy VR live video streaming using 5g supported spectacles glasses or goggles.

4) Argument Reality – AR is addition of real image and logical or virtually created images.  But final product looks absolute real.  This is the scope of 5G mobile network technology. For example for car game, first real time high way traffic recorded and also interior city road traffic recorded. Now here more virtual challenges are added to this. Or you can argument / value added to it. So when you play car game you feel it is real.

5) Self driving vehicle car or Artificial Intelligence - Self driving car look feasible after 5g wireless network. At present test are carried out on trial road. Here no human inputs require. Entire vehicle is controlled by software programs. Latency is very less in 5g NR wireless network.  So get real time data transfer and response time will become as good as live. Vehicle is remotely connected with Wireless network.  Traffic and road transport will be automated and self controlled.

6) Drone – in simple term drone is moving flying camera which are remotely controlled. With 5G network we can have real time data and live steaming of situation using drone. Which is very helpful in emergency situation. For example if fire occur in complex or water flood in city then we can have live steaming by drone so it avoid human casualty. It becomes very helpful in rescue operation.

7) Robotics and medical field – As we know there are many specialist doctor. But doctor stays at other countries. Now if you ask for doctor services who can travel long distance then it will become very costly. But using robots and 5g network doctor can check patient remotely and can perform operation using robot using 5g wireless network live steaming. 5G will make new revolution in medical sector.

8) Internet of Things (IoTs) - Internet of Things meaning is connecting many things together for better functionality. At present we have 5G, 4G LTE and 3g mobile network. We can connect wirelessly to our home light system you can power off it using mobile. You can connect to office camera and computer using 5g network and take file folder from your computer. Connecting CCTV system, home appliances and other gadgets.